An else-if ladder evaluates multiple conditions in sequence. The first condition that evaluates to a non-zero value determines which block is executed.

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
    int marks = 72;

    if (marks >= 90)
    {
        printf("Grade A+\n");
    }
    else if (marks >= 75)
    {
        printf("Grade A\n");
    }
    else if (marks >= 60)
    {
        printf("Grade B\n");
    }
    else if (marks >= 40)
    {
        printf("Grade C\n");
    }
    else
    {
        printf("Grade F\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

Example Output #

Grade B

Explanation #

The first condition checks whether marks is at least 90. Since 72 is less than 90, that block is skipped.

The next condition is evaluated:

else if (marks >= 75)

This is also false, so execution continues to the next else if:

else if (marks >= 60)

This condition is true because 72 is greater than or equal to 60. Its block executes and prints Grade B.

Once a condition in the ladder evaluates to non-zero, the remaining conditions are not evaluated.

The final else executes only when none of the preceding conditions is true.